Since the first parliamentary elections in the Kurdistan Region in 1992, the Kurdistan Region has held 13 general elections for the Kurdistan Parliament, Provincial Councils, and the Iraqi Council of Representatives.

1. First Kurdistan Parliament Elections (May 19, 1992)

• Eligible voters: 1,112,000

• Votes cast: 971,953

• Turnout: 87.4%

• Invalid votes: 4,724

• Valid votes: 967,229

Breakdown:

• Erbil: 333,802 valid (87.4%)

• Sulaymaniyah: 347,952 valid (87.3%)

• Duhok: 197,370 valid (87.6%)

• Kirkuk region: 88,114 valid (87.3%)

2. Second Kurdistan Parliament elections  (Jan 30, 2005)

• Eligible voters: 2,290,736

• Votes cast: 1,753,919

• Turnout: 76.6%

3. First Provincial Council Elections (Jan 30, 2005)

• Eligible voters: 2,290,736

• Votes cast: 1,767,993

• Turnout: 77.2%

4. First Iraqi National Assembly Elections (Jan 30, 2005)

• Eligible voters: 2,290,736

• Votes cast: ≈2,175,551 (95%) within Kurdistan under the “Kurdistan Alliance”

• Highest recorded turnout in the history of New Iraq (95%)

5. Third Kurdistan Parliament elections (July 25, 2009)

• Eligible voters: 2,518,773

• Votes cast: 1,876,196

• Turnout: 74.5%

6. Second Iraqi Parliamentary Elections (Mar 7, 2010)

• Eligible voters: 2,590,274

• Votes cast: 1,938,754

• Turnout: 74.8%

Breakdown:

• Erbil: 74%

• Sulaymaniyah: 76%

• Duhok: 74%

7. Fourth Kurdistan Parliament elections (Sept 21, 2013)

• Eligible voters: 2,653,743

• Votes cast: 1,978,382

• Turnout: 74.6%

8. Third Iraqi Parliament Elections (Apr 30, 2014)

• Eligible voters: 2,717,082

• Votes cast: 2,128,167

• Turnout: 78.3%

Breakdown:

• Erbil: 79%

• Sulaymaniyah: 76%

• Duhok: 80%

9. Second Provincial Council Elections (Apr 30, 2014)

• Eligible voters: 2,717,082

• Votes cast: 2,161,038

• Turnout: 79.5%

10. Fourth Iraqi Parliament Elections (May 12, 2018)

• Eligible voters: 3,758,896

• Votes cast: 1,799,686

• Turnout: 47.9%

11. Fifth Kurdistan Parliament election (Sept 30, 2018)

• Eligible voters: 3,085,461

• Votes cast: 1,845,979

• Turnout: 59.8%

12. Early Iraqi Parliament Elections (Oct 10, 2021)

• Eligible voters: 3,450,773

• Votes cast: 1,233,451

• Turnout: 35.7%

• Lowest recorded turnout since 1992.

Breakdown:

• Erbil: 35.7%

• Sulaymaniyah: 28.3%

• Duhok: 48.1%

13. Sixth Kurdistan Parliament elections (Oct 20, 2024)

• Eligible voters (biometric card updated): 2,899,578

• Votes cast: 2,085,949

• Turnout: 72%

• Invalid votes: 206,434

Breakdown:

• Erbil: 75%

• Sulaymaniyah: 66%

• Duhok: 78%

• Halabja: 69%

Summary Analysis

Over 32 years, voter eligibility in the Kurdistan Region increased from 1.1 million (1992) to nearly 3.8 million (2024) — a 210% increase.
However, actual participation only grew by about 27%.
Turnout has declined sharply over time, from 87.4% (1992) to 35.7% (2021), with a recovery to 72% in the 2024 regional vote.

• Peak turnout: 95% (Iraqi Parliament 2005)

• Lowest turnout: 35.7% (Iraqi Parliament 2021)

• 2024 recovery: 72% (Kurdistan Parliament)

• Long-term trend: eligible voters tripled, but turnout rates declined overall — showing voter fatigue and distrust over time.

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